We differ from AP on some styles, particularly in regard to our guidelines for writing about higher education. Our Education Chair wants a person of equal help in the form of a co-chair. Four VIPs were at the event. The registration fee for the conference is $75. Lowercase vitamin and capitalize the letter and/or figure for the type: vitamin A, vitamin B-12. When its part of a proper name, such as the Arizona Chapter Board of Directors, and its part of a heading, capitalize board of directors. Don't capitalize chair, chairman, and chairwoman if the title precedes a name. Use the abbreviations Ave., Blvd. Capitalize all letters, with periods after each letter. May 22 is the day she will arrive. Scope is a synonym for the term, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Google Ngrams are very helpful. Capitalize as a formal title before a name: Orthopaedics Department Chair C. Lowry Barnes, M.D., attended the meeting. Dad, please give me a dollar. Another useful resource for Alaska-specific questions is the AP Stylebook for Alaska. It should be used in conjunction with the Whitman College Visual Identity Guide. PLACEMENT WITH QUOTATION MARKS: Semicolons go within the quotation marks when they apply to the quoted material only. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. and St. only with numbered addresses: 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. Use person when speaking of an individual. Use Co. or Cos. when a business uses either word at the end of its proper name: Ford Motor Co., American Broadcasting Cos. adroll_language = "en_US"; This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Also, website, webpage, webcam, webcast and webmaster. Do I capitalize co-Chair, Co-Chair, or co-chair? Italicize them and capitalize the principal words, including prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters (about, from, into, with and similar words). In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix unless a capitalized word follows it: supercharge, superpower, super-Democrat. Is board of directors capitalized AP style? Job titles and designations are capitalized when they are used as titles just before a name and form part of it (Director Jones) or when used in direct address (Yes, Mr. Chairman).They are also sometimes capitalized to refer to a specific person (e.g., "the Director" to refer to the director of a department), although lowercasing is generally preferred in formal writing. Otherwise, follow Websters New World College Dictionary, hyphenating words that are not listed there. You must include the full company name somewhere in the story. The name of a group is capitalized when it is the full name: the Department of Comparative Literature. In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix when forming a compound adjective that does not have special meaning and can be understood if not is used before the base word: nonprofit, noncontroversial, nonaligned. Mencken. Associated Press (AP) style is the go-to English style and usage guide for journalism and news writing, such as magazines and newspapers. Hyphenate when forming a compound adjective in which wise means smart: penny-wise businessman, street-wise teenager. Avoid redundancy, such as 10 a.m. this morning, 7 p.m. tonight, etc. Under AP Style: Capitalize only the first word of your headline and all proper nouns or abbreviations; all other words should be lowercase (e.g. IN LARGE FIGURES: Use a comma for most figures greater than 999. Examples: postdoctoral, postgraduate, postoperative, post-mortem. Do not include .00 when there are no cents in the amount. Example: Our main office is on Flower Fields Road. Temperatures will be in the low 60s. The format for toll-free numbers: (800) 111-1000. Do not precede this suffix with a hyphen: twofold, threefold, fourfold, tenfold. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Examples: Ms. Leong, chairperson, will join us at the meeting. Id like to make a billion dollars. Capitalize the names of months in all uses. Use Mrs., Miss and Ms. only in direct quotations. For specified amounts, use a singular verb: He said $500,000 is what they want. AP Style Addresses. Pap is capitalized; test or smear is lowercase. Do not hyphenate. Examples: carry over, take over. When used alone, do not capitalize: Members of the association meet on the third Tuesday of the month. PLACEMENT WITH QUOTATION MARKS: Dashes go within the quotation marks when they apply to the quoted material only. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Go figure. SEVIERVILLE, Tenn. (AP) A reluctant County Court approved a school budget today that . He walked a quarter of a mile. Otherwise, capitalize the second part (e.g., "Co-Author . Joe Smith. It covers such topics as the decimal point, abbreviations, capital letters, punctuation marks, hyphenation, spelling, frequently misused or confused words and Canadian geographical names. Spell out casual expressions: A thousand times no! Spell it out in ordinary speech and writing: They discussed the proposal to revamp Medicare versus proposals to reform Medicare and Medicaid at the same time. Pittsburgh is home of the United States Steel Corp. headquarters. Capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. For example: The Walt Disney Co. When you want to start a sentence, Co-Founder (founder is not capitalized) can be used as a title. PLACEMENT WITH QUOTATION MARKS: Exclamation points go within the quotation marks when they apply to the quoted material only: How wonderful! he exclaimed. Be sparing with parentheses. In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix: infrared, infrastructure. Chicago: Capitalize using the Chicago Manual of Style capitalization rules. To learn more, read our. Interesting question. In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix unless a capitalized word follows it: unarmed, unnecessary, un-American. The sole exception to this rule is numerals that identify calendar years. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. Use U.S. (with periods, but no space) only as an adjective: The U.S. population has increased since the last census was taken. Here it is: AP Stylebook Online Topical Guides cover a range of timely events in . You should generally use the companys preferred spelling of its name, but for corporate news or press releases, you can simply use the legal name filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Rep. and U.S. Rep. not Congressman and Congresswoman are the preferred first-reference forms when a formal title is used before the name of a U.S. House of Representatives member. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Its most likely a matter of style, as it is with many other things. AP Style avoids unnecessary capitalization. Right: The senator said he would go home to Michigan if he lost the election. In the United States, the format (501) 686-7000 should be followed. Do not use the term first annual; instead, note that the sponsors plan to hold an event annually. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Do not capitalize such diseases as arthritis, leukemia, pneumonia, etc. In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix: ultramodern, ultrasonic, ultraviolet. church services. Guidelines for two of the most frequent uses of the dash are given below. In headlines and publication titles, all words are capitalized except articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions (of, in, on, etc.). In an email, a source might write, "I studied Accounting" or "I'm proud to be a Physical Therapist.". The results for the search terms co-chair,cochair,Co - Chair,Co - chair,Coachair show that no capitalisation is the commonest form.. Use numerals for all numbers (e.g. Use a single space after a period at the end of a sentence. Recent Examples on the Web Before her prolific career as an interviewer of celebrities and other notable figures, Walters broke barriers as the first female cohost of the Today show and the first woman to anchor a network evening news show. What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? Do not precede a name with a courtesy title for an academic degree and follow it with the abbreviation for the degree in the same reference: Wrong: Dr. Suzanne Klimberg, M.D., is a surgeon. In general, use a hyphen: wide-angled lens, wide-awake patient, wide-eyed child. Is a PhD visitor considered as a visiting scholar? On all subsequent references, use only the individuals last name: Boozman attended the ceremony. Google Ngrams are very helpful. Times. Do not hyphenate other combinations: coeducation, coexist, coexistence, cooperate, cooperative, coordinate, coordination. When they are used, do not include a comma before them. when used as a formal title before one or more names in regular text: Gov. When adding the word professor before a persons name is used, you should not capitalize it unless it is at the beginning of a sentence. Sept. 16 was the coolest day of the month. Do not use chairperson unless it is an organizations formal title for office. Do not use a hyphen after this prefix unless a capitalized word or a figure follows: midterm, midsemester, mid-America, mid-Atlantic, mid-30s, mid-1980s. But as a short form and in terms of separate words, the Web and Web feed. Right: The book was titled Gone With the Wind. I would change your above copy to Gap Inc, and SmithGroup. Capitalisation of "co-chair" and "co-host"? Do not capitalize when it is used alone: She will arrive at the center at noon. Capitalization. The North was victorious. And for streets above nine, use figures with two letters: Spell out the generic parts of street names when no specific address is provided. Hyphenate when used as a compound adjective: She has a part-time job. Once it is hyphenated it becomes a single word and so "F . However, you should always capitalize company names when they appear at the beginning of a sentence. However, do not hyphenate widespread. The law is eight years old. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Rule: Titles immediately following the name do not ordinarily require capitalization. They go outside the quotation marks when they apply to the whole sentence. See separate entries for specific guidelines for addresses, ages, chapters, dates, dimensions, fractions, millions and billions, monetary units (dollars and cents), No., page numbers, percent, room numbers, telephone numbers, times and weights. When her fingers aren't flying at the keys, she enjoys reading, video games, drawing and learning new crafts. AVOID UNNECESSARY FRAGMENTS: Do not use quotation marks to report a few ordinary words that a speaker or writer has used: Wrong: The senator said he would go home to Michigan if he lost the election. The basketball team signed a 7-footer. It is a trademark for a brand of photocopy machine. Pettinice Purple 150g. September 18, 2013, at 9:56 pm. The names of the following eight states are never abbreviated in textual material: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah. Capitalize and abbreviate as Gov. AP Style holds that you should not use coined words such as chairperson or spokesperson in regular text. Fed Chair Jerome Powell testifies before Senate Banking Committee on monetary policy 6/22/22. Capitalize the proper names of buildings, including the word building if it is an integral part of the proper name: The Empire State Building is a well-known landmark. The following are the U.S. co-chair coeducation colon. Do you have a co chair with a capitalization? Interesting question! : someone who assists or serves as the chairmans deputy. for P.O. In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix: downgrade, downtown. Im not sure I understand your question, Renee. In AP Style, a title that follows a name is lowercase. According to AP Stylebook, you should use The Gap Inc. on first reference and the Gap on second reference. When used in copy, some U.S. cities are not followed by their states. AP style follows down style capitalization (only the first word of a title and proper nouns are capitalized), but always refer to the style guide and doublecheck capitalization recommendations. In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix: hyperactive, hypercritical. Her favorite Christmas expression is tis the season to be jolly. Titles of blog posts, documentation articles, and press . Secondary usage is The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. 2 Responses When used as a title before the persons name, the principal should be capitalized, but when used as a description after the name, it should not be capitalized. 1127. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Use figures and capitalize page when used with a figure: Page 1, Page 10. Capitalize Formal Titles Before Names. The department prefers bullets, but punctuate them per AP style: After each bullet, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each item. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Capitalize as part of the formal name of a building, a congregation or a denomination. Do not capitalize when it is used alone: The college will sponsor a fundraising event in April. Have you ever wondered if there is a comma before LLC in AP style? Spell them out and capitalize when part of formal street names without numbers: Pennsylvania Avenue. Why do you want to be vice president of a club? In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix: intramural, intrastate. The Web is not the same as the Internet, but is a subset; other applications, such as email, exist on the Internet. Lowercase and spell out in all other uses: The president will attend the meeting. It is usually considered an expense when a cost is incurred that has been used, consumed, or expired in a year or less. See the AP style guide's "race-related coverage" entry for details. Google Ngrams are extremely useful. (NOT: He would nominate Tom, Dick, or Harry.). See: https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Capitalization/faq0036.html. They go outside the quotation marks when they apply to the whole sentence: I love watching Gone With the Wind! I wonder if article a can ever be used with a company name. The AP Stylebook includes an extensive section dedicated to the proper use of various elements of punctuation. library. Hyphenate when forming a compound adjective: He is a well-known physician. The major exceptions are street addresses, room numbers, serial numbers, telephone numbers and years. Or if there is a comma after inc in a sentence? before a capitalized word or numeral: sub-Saharan, pre-1950, . Use decimal points, not fractions, when appropriate: 65.8 percent. Hyphenate when used to form compound adjectives: full-length coat, full-page essay, full-scale room. Seasons: Months and days of the week are capitalized, but winter, spring, summer and fall are all styled down. But: Aluminum Company of America. When a letter is attached to the figure, capitalize it, but do not use a hyphen: Room G141A. The AP has provided a style guide for writing about COVID-19. Use AP Style: If mention of degree(s) . CAVHS is part of the VA and operates two hospitals in central Arkansas: the John L. McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital in Little Rock (adjacent to UAMS) and the Eugene J. Towbin Healthcare Center in North Little Rock. To make single letters plural, use s: Mind your ps and qs. Retain capitalization when the name is flip-flopped and the word of is dropped: the Cardiovascular Medicine Division. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence: He promised this: Jones would be punished for his crime. Capitalize them, and do not abbreviate them. Use only the last name on all subsequent references. Use these forms, as appropriate, for highways identified by number: U.S. Route 1, U.S. 1, Route 1, U.S. Highway 34, Interstate Highway 495, Interstate 495. do we need the article the before a company name with Group in it? Use a comma to separate the main number from the extension: (501) 686-7000, ext. You should always capitalize the first and last words of a title. Lowercase and spell out in all other instances, including when set off from a persons name by commas and when used without a name: C. Lowry Barnes, M.D., the chairman of orthpaedics, attended the meeting. Do not go beyond two decimal places: 7.51 million people, $256 billion, 7,542,500 people. AP Stylebook updates race-related terms. Capitalize the names of specific people, places or things. Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence. European leaders met to talk about oil supplies from Southeast Asia. Thank you for your interest in the AP Stylebook, the journalist's bible. Capitalizing a word gives it significance or emphasis. For example, capitalize the first word of a sentence, unless the sentence begins with the name of a person whose name starts with a lowercase letter. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. (That campus offers bachelor's and master's degrees.) jointly with another or others. A title that follows an individuals name or a title on its own is not capitalized. Our company's Detroit headquarters is home to our . However, do not use a comma when the subject of the two clauses is the same and is not repeated in the second clause: We are visiting Washington and plan to see the White House. Street names should be capitalized and spelled out "First" through "Ninth.". The cold front is moving east. Remember to capitalize the first letter of a company name even if it uses a lowercase one initially. Read about the team of authors behind Collins Dictionaries. Use this abbreviation for number in conjunction with a figure to indicate position or rank: No. Editorial guidelines. Associated Press style is to use dashes, not bullets, for lists that follow a colon. The formal name need not be used on first reference. Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy Director Bart Barlogie, M.D., Ph.D., presented the results of his research. Follow Websters New World College Dictionary; hyphenate nouns and adjectives that are not listed there. Find out how much BKA Content can save you! When used after a name, an academic abbreviation contains periods and is set off by commas: Stephanie Gardner, Pharm.D., Ed.D., spoke at the conference. The results for the search terms co-chair,cochair,Co - Chair,Co - chair,Coachair show that no capitalisation is the commonest form. Use everyday (one word) as an adjective meaning ordinary before a noun: He wears everyday shoes. Its appropriate to refer to the company as Costco, but youll want to use Costco Wholesale Corp. if youre writing an earnings report or a story that could influence the companys stock price. ABRUPT CHANGE: Use dashes to denote an abrupt change in thought in a sentence or an emphatic pause: Smith offered a plan it was unprecedented to raise revenues. Academic subjects: Areas of study like biology, math and literature are all lowercase unless part of a proper name, like the College of Biology. Do put a hyphen after this prefix when it is used to form a compound adjective: after-dinner drink, after-theater snack. Since 2007, Mr. Sew has led The Johnson Companys transaction services team. I think youre in the gray window to do whatever you think is best. In documentation do you write MAX as all capitalized or Max? Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". The Associated Press announced an important change to AP style this summer, after more than two years of in-depth research and discussion with colleagues and respected thinkers from a diversity of backgrounds, both within and from outside the cooperative. When using initial capitalization style for a headline, capitalize the title's first word, last word, and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions. While it often may seem that AP Stylebook guidelines can be difficult to learn, AP style company names are quite simple if you keep a few things in mind. All similar words circle, drive, lane, road, terrace, etc. Capitalize full, formal department names: Department of Geology, School of Forestry, Politics and International Affairs, History Department. This ensures the story will be among the search results on major websites. For years expressed in decades, do not use an apostrophe: The man is in his 50s. Do not put a hyphen after this prefix when it is used to form a noun: aftereffect, afterthought. Lowercase compass points when they describe sections of states or cities: northwest Arkansas, western Texas, southern Atlanta. Never abbreviate. They go outside the quotation marks when they apply to the whole sentence. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Use periods and no space when an individual uses initials instead of a first name: H.L. For example, if the board is part of a company's official name, then it . Colons go outside quotation marks unless they are part of the quotations themselves. Hyphenate all nouns, adjectives and verbs that indicate occupation or status: co-author, co-chairman, co-sponsor, co-worker. Spell out all months when using alone or with a year alone. Follow Websters New World College Dictionary; hyphenate nouns and adjectives that are not listed there. In Jane Doe, dean of the College of Fine Arts, or Jane Doe, college of fine arts dean, do not capitalize the title. AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). Capital: the city where a seat of government is located , do not capitalize . Apples and pears can also be replaced in peoples diets with other, The total amount of measurable space or surface that something occupies is referred to as a size noun. Capitalization of company names is correct, but no italicizing or underlining is needed. Spell out the names of the 50 U.S. states when they stand alone in textual material: California is one of the largest states in the country. Use figures and the $ sign in all except casual references and amounts without figures: The book cost $4. Also see separate entry for cities and towns. Capitalize and spell out only as a formal title before one or more names: President Barak Obama, Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton. Give a persons full name on first reference; if appropriate, include academic abbreviation(s), set off by commas, after the name. If The is not included in the formal company name, keep it lowercase unless it is the first word in the sentence. HESITATION: An ellipsis may also be used to indicate a pause or hesitation in speech or a thought that the writer or speaker does not complete. Articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions are lowercased. APA: Capitalize using the APA style guide. Examples: off-color, off-white, offhand, offset, send-off, cutoff, liftoff. Before joining The Johnson Company, Mr. Sew co-founded Cherix. Use these alternatives whenever possible. Dollars are flowing overseas. if the official name of the company is Delta. Do not capitalize when it is used alone: Members of the department will participate in a two-day training session. Do not abbreviate. However, AP style does not use the serial comma (the last comma in your example), so I imagine the editors would suggest that you remove that final comma, even if its traditionally part of the company name. Follow Websters New World College Dictionary; hyphenate nouns and adjectives that are not listed there. See the formal titles examples below: President Abraham Lincoln. It erodes brand strength since it will have to be capitalized at the beginning of a sentence. from UAMS.). The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Q: How does AP treat programming language when used in general text? Lowercase and spell out in all other uses: The senator will attend the dedication ceremony. The airline has two 727s. The Associated Press Stylebook provides a uniform presentation of the printed word to make copy written anywhere understandable everywhere. American League, National League, American League East, Organized Ball, Deadball Era, Negro League, Class A, Class B. Use sentence-style capitalization in most titles and headings: capitalize the first word and lowercase the rest. The Canadian Style gives concise answers to questions concerning written English in the Canadian context. So: Sentence: Elizabeth is the co-founder of the company. So, what colors do you use to, On your birthday, do you eat for free at Golden Corral? (Note that the semicolon is used before the final and in such a series.). Use an apostrophe in bachelors degree, masters degree, etc., but not in Bachelor of Arts or Master of Science. Spell out amounts less than 1, using hyphens between the words: two-thirds, four-fifths, seven-sixteenths. When Inc. is part of the companys legal name, you should bold the period as well. I know that the general rule says No. Beyond that, all three capitalize the first and last word of a title. Use "chairwoman" if referring to a woman. In general, capitalize formal titles used directly before a name. Would you mind providing an example? The format if extension numbers are given: ext. Use a colon to separate hours from minutes, and lowercase and use periods for a.m. and p.m.: 11 a.m., 1 p.m., 3:30 p.m. Do not include :00 when there are no minutes in the time. References to the job should be capitalized, but not titles. Use two words when referring to the front page of a particular website. Always use two words, with no hyphen: vice chairman, vice chancellor, vice president, vice secretary. adroll_version = "2.0"; There's no need to capitalize it since it is not a proper noun unless it is at the beginning of a sentence or being used in a title. Capitalize the principal words, including prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters (about, from, into, with and similar words), and put the titles in quotation marks. When you sign up for Golden Corrals Birthday Club, you get a free meal, Most Jeep Wranglers can get up to 100 mph, but if youre going that fast, make sure to check road conditions and laws. PLACEMENT WITH QUOTATION MARKS: Commas always go inside quotation marks. Official names and proper nouns are capitalized. In general, do not use a hyphen after this prefix: multicolored, multidisciplinary, multilateral, multimillionaire. These cookies do not store any personal information. SINGULAR PROPER NAMES ENDING IN S: Add only an apostrophe: Arkansas natural resources, UAMS centers of excellence, Achilles heel, James book, Tennessee Williams plays. The results for the search terms co-chair,cochair,Co - Chair,Co - chair,Coachair show that no capitalisation is the commonest form. AP Style holds that you should not use coined words such as "chairperson" or "spokesperson" in regular text. Otherwise, use and.. Below youll find a list of the formal names of some major U.S companies: Below youll find a list of the formal names of some major non-U.S companies: It may seem like there is a lot to remember with AP style company names, but if you keep these tips in mind, mentioning them in your content should be easy. How to follow the signal when reading the schematic? https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=co-chair%2Ccochair%2CCo+-+Chair%2CCo+-+chair%2CCoachiar&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=17&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2Cco%20-%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bco%20-%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCo%20-%20Chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCo%20-%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2Ccochair%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bcochair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCochair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCoChair%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CCo%20--%20Chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BCo%20--%20Chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bco%20--%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCo%20--%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCO%20--%20CHAIR%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CCo%20--%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BCo%20--%20Chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bco%20--%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCo%20--%20chair%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCO%20--%20CHAIR%3B%2Cc0. This style is designed to be easily read and understood by . What am I doing wrong here in the PlotLegends specification? Hyphenate words that denote support for something: pro-business, pro-labor, pro-peace, pro-war. When mentioning an academic degree to establish someones credentials, do not use an academic abbreviation; instead, use a phrase such as: He has a doctorate in psychology. Use a hyphen before proper nouns and in awkward combinations: non-Republican, non-nuclear. The to of infinitives is also lowercase. company (military) Capitalize only when part of a name: Company B. We are visiting St. Paul and Minneapolis, and we also plan to take a side trip to Duluth, Minn. We visited Washington, D.C., and our senator greeted us personally. The Colorado Collection contains more than 5,000 works of art. Determining factors are each citys population, the frequency of the citys appearance in the news, the uniqueness of its name and experience that has shown the name to be almost synonymous with its state. A few have undergone minor revisions, in order to focus on and/or address issues that pertain to the UAMS community.

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