Leadership Spotlight: How Effective Leaders Make Us Feel, Leadership Spotlight: Distant Crisis, Local Leverage, Technology Spotlight: Crime Data Explorer, Leadership Spotlight: Leading by Learning, Leadership Spotlight: Benefiting from Diverse Viewpoints, Community Outreach Spotlight: Clippers and Cops, Leadership Spotlight: Recognizing Your Organizations Culture, Leadership Spotlight: Improving Effectiveness with Trusted Advisors, Leadership Spotlight: Courage Can Be Found in the Strangest Places, Community Outreach Spotlight: Partnering to Make Purposeful Art, Leadership Spotlight: Leading Through Delegation, Community Outreach Spotlight: Safeguarding Senior Communities, Leadership Spotlight: Redefining Leadership Presence, Leadership Spotlight: Leading Through Others Success, Social Media Spotlight: Communication as a Tool to Fight Violent Crime, Leadership Spotlight: Mistakes and Forgiveness, Leadership Spotlight: Delivering Bad News to Employees, Leadership Spotlight: Appreciating Others Burdens, Community Outreach Spotlight: Connecting Kids and Police Through Video Games, Leadership Spotlight: Preparation for Crisis, Leadership Spotlight: Embrace this Moment, Community Outreach Spotlight: Pedal Power, Leadership Spotlight: Prompting Reflection, Leadership Spotlight: Seizing the Opportunity for Meaningful Change, Positive Policing Spotlight: Applying the Concept, Leadership Spotlight: When to Let Go and When to Seek Input, Leadership Spotlight: Addressing Adaptive Challenges, Community Outreach Spotlight: Bridging the Gap Through Boxing, Leadership Spotlight: Create Your Own Outline, Officer Wellness Spotlight: The Law Enforcement Family, Leadership Spotlight: Facing the Pandemic, Leadership Spotlight: Institutional KnowledgeRecognizing, Valuing, and Preserving It, Community Outreach Spotlight: Caught Doing Something Right. Analysts from Safety.com assessed data provided by the FBI Crime Report, Gun Violence Archive, US Census Bureau, Insurance As a consequence, the overall numbers the FBI released at the national, regional, and state levels will be far less precise than usual, meaning its not possible to say for sure whether crime rose, fell, or stayed the same between 2020 and 2021. Leadership Spotlight: You Cannot Lead from Behind Your Desk, Leadership Spotlight: Believe in Your Own Leadership, Leadership Spotlight: Build Bridges, Not Dams - Performance Evaluations, Officer Survival Spotlight: Lessons Learned from Critical Encounters, Leadership Spotlight: Emotional Triggers in Decision Making, Officer Survival Spotlight: Wide-Reaching Benefits of Law Enforcement Training, Officer Survival Spotlight: National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, Leadership Spotlight: Lunchtime Learning Seminars - Benefits and Steps to Get Started, Officer Survival Spotlight: Speed and Seatbelts, Leadership Spotlight: Humility - A Leadership Trait That Gets Results, Officer Survival Spotlight: Officer Perception and Assault Prevention, Leadership Spotlight: The Legacy of a Leader, Officer Survival Spotlight: By the Numbers - Turning LEOKA Data into Training Opportunities, Officer Survival Spotlight: Much More Than a Job - Creating a Lasting Tribute. If components are missing the total is adjusted to 0. Making good on that promise, this UCR Federal Crime Data report has added additional data each year and framed the data to more closely fit the established UCR standard. The data are divided between two tables, one for arrests from federally-issued warrants and one for arrests from state-issued warrants. The nonsignificant nature of the observed trends is why, despite these described changes, the overall message is that crime remained consistent. Leadership Spotlight: Have We Lost Civility? FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program Summary Reporting System (SRS) collects summary-based counts of crime reported by law enforcement Similar to many other indicators used to assess conditions in the United States, these two indicators of crime complement each other to produce a more comprehensive portrait of the nation's crime problem. Criminal Justice Information Services Division, FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice, Liaisons with other law enforcement agencies, Information about victims (e.g., human trafficking, hate crime) brought to the attention of the FBI by nongovernmental organizations. 18. Police advocates say the Defund the Police movement is responsible for the nearly 30 percent increase in murders in 2020, the largest single-year jump since the FBI began recording crime statistics six decades ago.The change in murder was widespread a national phenomenon and not a regional one. The concept of offenses known was adopted in 1929 by the International Chiefs of Police as the data that would be collected in the UCR Program. For most of the past 20 years, somewhere between 15 to 30 percent of law enforcement agencies failed to report complete crime data to the FBI. But even when crimes do get reported to police, it doesnt mean they will ultimately submit accurate data to the FBI. 17. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. (The FBI classifies arson as a property crime but does not estimate arson data because of variations in the level of participation by the reporting agencies. In use-of-force incidents, officers most often encountered individuals who failed to comply with verbal commands or other types of passive resistance. FBI.gov Contact Center Email updates. In UCR Statistics: Their Proper Use, the UCR Program cautions There are many factors that cause the nature and type of crime to vary from place to place. It is important for users of UCR data, including federal data, to avoid drawing such simplistic conclusions as one area is safer than another or one agency is more or less efficient than another based solely on crime counts. Helicopter, Community Outreach Spotlight: Cops and Clergy Breakfast, Leadership Spotlight: Information Output vs. Consequently, arson data is not included in the property crime estimate.) Some cities, like Detroit, have switched to reporting their crime data to the FBI's newer National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), which the FBI plans to switch over to for crime reporting in January 2021.. By far the most common genre of crime data story, the Most Dangerous Cities in America listicle, is also the most erroneous. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. NIBRS data has also been used to publish some specialized topical crime reports. Similarly, in 2014, an investigation by Chicago Magazine found that the Chicago Police Department had lowered the citys official murder rate by recording homicides as non-criminal deaths. The UCR Program includes data from more than 18,000 city, university and college, county, state, tribal, and federal law. Birmingham Police Chief Scott Thurmond said that the website MoneyGeek skewed FBI crime data by adding a dollar value to crime to determine the "most violent" cities in the U.S., of which Mobile . Consequently, those data are not included in this table. Table 1Table 2Table 3Table 3FTable 4Table 5Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13. Please note, due to rounding, percentage totals may not add to 100%. As expansion of the data collection continues to occur, more details will become available from federal agencies, and these impressions will become more sharply focused. When an article talks about the crime rate, its lumping together each of the individual crimes that make up the FBIs crime index. "[6], Crime rates per capita might also be biased by population size depending on the crime type. Datasets at the regional and state level contain smaller numbers of reported incidents and less variety within the data elements. These agencies represent more than 60% of all federal, state, local, tribal, and college/university sworn officers.1 Data regarding these use-of-force incidents were released today on the FBIs Law Enforcement Data Explorer. Crime is a huge topic in elections this November, and the FBI has now entered the chat. Media outlets and politicians add to the publics misunderstanding of crime by searching for simple takeaways in the numbers where none exist, in some cases leading them to abuse data that is already suspect to begin with. As mentioned previously, federal investigations, by nature, often begin under different circumstances and proceed and conclude on different timeframes than investigations conducted by state and local agencies. The number of homicides could triple and the overall crime rate would barely budge. 01 Mar 2023 23:49:45 . Prostitution Statistics: Statistic: 101: USA: Prostitution Rate: 1.42 (per 100,000) 0.6 (per 100,000 . The NYPD maintains statistical data which is used as a management tool in reducing crime, improving procedures and training, and providing transparency to the public and government oversight agencies. The types of force reported to be used most often include firearms; hands, fists, or feet; electronic control devices; canines; and other. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. If the data placed an equal emphasis on white-collar crimes, police might struggle to justify their current enforcement priorities. But this data can be helpful if used properly. By gender, 72.6% were male; and 27.4% were female. However, other federal agencies, the FBI included, found it more challenging to fit into the UCR model. The complete analysis is located on the UCRs Crime Data Explorer at https://crime-data-explorer.app.cloud.gov/pages/explorer/crime/nibrs-estimation. Officer Survival Spotlight: What Is a Safe Distance? Subscribe to our newsletters for regular updates, analysis and context straight to your email. Since its origination, this reports aim has been to assimilate federal crime data into the UCR environment. This annual report was originally designed as a stepping-stone to finding ways to provide a similar transparency and access to federal crime data the UCR Program has brought to state, local, and tribal crime data for nearly 90 years. The FBI notes that rankings provide no insight into the numerous variables that mold crime in a particular state, county, city, town, tribal area, or region and lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting communities and their residents.. Together, the FBI and BJS developed and tested statistical procedures that assess the quality and completeness of NIBRS data, created methods to adjust for nontransitioned agencies, crafted estimation procedures for generating reliable and accurate national indicators as new agencies report NIBRS data, and established a semi-automated system for producing annual national estimates of key crime indicators. To do that, you'll need to ma NIBRS first annual compilation of published data covered calendar year 2011. The over-reporting was ultimately uncovered as part of a bid to win a $3 million federal grant to hire more officers. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Other types of resistance encountered included displaying a weapon at an officer or another individual, attempting to escape or flee custody, using a firearm against an officer or another individual, or resisting being handcuffed or arrested. (Source: Pew Research) In 2021, 50.7% of use-of-force incidents submitted to the FBI resulted in serious bodily injury of a person, 33.2% caused the death of a person, and 17% involved the discharge of a firearm at or in the direction of a person. For 92 years, the FBI's UCR Program has provided annual snapshots of crime in the nation.. Leadership Spotlight: Congratulations, Graduate! The FBI estimates that there were 22,000 murders in the US in 2020, with lower and upper bounds between 21,000 and 23,000. Leadership Spotlight: Compassion in Law Enforcement. These variables increase the risk of linking specific answers in the data to individuals involved in such incidents. In 2018, the Long Beach Police Department admitted that it had over-counted cases of aggravated assault because its crime analysts had misunderstood the FBIs definition of the offense. In 1994, the department implemented CompStat, which through management, statistics, and accountability, successfully drove down . Reporting rates can vary significantly from year to year, creating the appearance of trends that may not actually exist. Leadership Spotlight: Fishing for Inspiration, Leadership Spotlight: Foundations of Leadership and Followership, Forensic Spotlight: Paint and Plastic Evidence Analysis in a Drug Possession Case, Crimes Against Children Spotlight: Parental Kidnapping - Using Social Media to Assist in Apprehending Suspects and Recovering Victims, Leadership Spotlight: Overestimating Yourself, Leadership Spotlight: Creating Extraordinary Moments, Forensic Spotlight: Next Generation Identification, Forensic Spotlight: Altered Fingerprints - A Challenge to Law Enforcement Identification Efforts. The FBI's latest statistics show violent crime dropped in the US last year but the data fails to account for thousands of places, including in big cities like New York and Los Angeles. A high-level summary of the statistics submitted, as well as estimates for those agencies that did not report, follows: Caution Against RankingEach year when Crime in the United States is published, some entities use the figures to compile rankings of cities and counties. But four cities in Florida do. As a result, this years crime statistics will include complete data from just over 50 percent of law enforcement agencies in the country. However, Crime in the United States currently presents UCR data using the older Summary Reporting Systems offenses. 1 The figures are shown in this column for the offense of rape were reported using only the revised Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) definition of rape. Leadership Spotlight: A Look in the Mirror, Leadership Spotlight: Importance of Listening Skills, Leadership Spotlight: Setting the Example, Community Outreach Spotlight: Rape Aggression Defense Class, Leadership Spotlight: Rapport and Empathy, Leadership Spotlight: Spiritual Wellness in Law Enforcement, Leadership Spotlight: Development Is a Question Away, Leadership Spotlight: Lessons on Conflict, Leadership Spotlight: Choose to Take Action. The FBI's interactive Crime Data Explorer tool serves as the digital front door for UCR data, enabling law enforcement and the general public to more easily use and understand the massive amounts of UCR data currently collected. The FBI only audits crime reports from local agencies when the agencies request it, which doesnt happen often. Property Crime Index includes, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Although NIBRS was launched in 1989, until last year, the FBI allowed departments to use either method to report crime data. Welcome to "Crime City Match," the ultimate puzzle game for aspiring detectives everywhere! These rough rankings provide no insight into the numerous variables that mold crime in a particular state, county, city, town, tribal area, or region. Data manipulation can work in the opposite direction, too. The following table of United States cities by crime rate is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics from 2019 for the top 100 most populous cities in America that have reported data to the FBI UCR system. This informational graphic shows the percentage of sworn law enforcement officers contributing data to the National Use-of-Force Data Collection. The respective police department must share its data with the FBI. But if McDonalds steals money out of its workers paychecks, the FBIs crime figures wont count it. Leadership Spotlight: Hey, Did You Hear About? For federal agencies, the initiation of investigation may be prompted in different ways. 8 This agency/state submits rape data classified according to the legacy UCR definition; therefore the rape offense and violent crime total, which rape is a part of, is not included in this table. Leadership Spotlight: Feedback and Emotional Intelligence, Social Media Spotlight: A Small Act of Kindness Makes a Global Impact, Community Outreach Spotlight: Gaming with a Cop, Forensic Spotlight: Innovative Latent Print Processing, Officer Wellness Spotlight: Benefits of Mindfulness, Leadership Spotlight: Importance of Suicide Awareness, Community Outreach Spotlight: Lunch and Learn, Leadership Spotlight: Drawing Your Own Conclusions, Community Outreach Spotlight: Fresno Fight Girls, Leadership Spotlight: Patience in Development, Forensic Spotlight: Dowsing for Human Remains Considerations for Investigators. Leadership Spotlight: Doing More with Less? 2 For the purpose of this data collection, the definition of serious bodily injury is based, in part, on Title 18, United States Code, section 2246 (4): The term serious bodily injury means bodily injury that involves substantial risk of death, unconsciousness, protracted and obvious disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty.. The FBI web site recommends against using its data for ranking because these rankings lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting cities and counties, along with their residents. The FBI estimated law enforcement agencies nationwide made 10.1 million arrests, (excluding those for traffic violations) in 2019. These agencies reported that, as of October 31, 2019, they collectively employed 697,195 sworn officers and 306,075 civiliansa rate of 3.5 employees per 1,000 inhabitants. The FBI estimated law enforcement agencies nationwide made 7.6 million arrests, (excluding those for traffic violations) in 2020. Data from the FBI reveals that property crime has decreased from 4,740 incidents per 100,000 people in 1993 to only 2,199 (per 100,000 people) in 2018. Police must accurately record the crime in their internal database. The slight overall decrease in violent crime recorded in 2021 was driven in part by a nearly 9% decline in robbery, according to the report. This data can also expose racial disparities in law enforcement practices. Agencies submitted data concerning qualifying uses of force that included any action that resulted in the death or serious bodily injury2 of a person, or the discharge of a firearm at or in the direction of a person. The publics perception of crime remains profoundly disconnected from actual crime rates, with the majority of Americans reporting that they believe crime has increased nearly every year between 1990 and 2020, according to Gallup opinion polling. The FBI publishes historical crime data going all the way back to 1975, which can provide essential context for understanding how year-to-year changes in crime rates fit into longer trends. 3 The population for the city of Mobile, Alabama, includes 55,819 inhabitants from the jurisdiction of the Mobile County Sheriff's Department. White individuals were arrested more often for violent crimes than individuals of any other race and accounted for 59.1 percent of those arrests. NIBRS 2021; . 6 Arson offenses are also reported by the Louisville Fire Department. The data user is, therefore, cautioned against comparing crime data of individual reporting units from states, metropolitan areas, cities, or colleges or universities solely on the basis of their population coverage or student enrollment. Given these issues, one might wonder if we shouldnt just ignore crime statistics entirely. Forensic Spotlight: A New Investigative Biometric Service - The National Palm Print System, Leadership Spotlight: The Carver and the Planter, Officer Survival Spotlight: Foot Pursuits - Keeping Officers Safe, Leadership Spotlight: Value of Compassion. The arrest rate for violent crime was 147.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, and the arrest rate for property crime was 267.3 per 100,000 inhabitants. See the data declaration for further explanation. A few agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and several agencies within the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), investigate in ways similar to state or local authorities. Community Outreach Spotlight: COPTOBER Community Fair, Community Outreach Spotlight: Building Bridges. Crime Data Explorer, an online interactive data tool, is the digital front door of the FBIs Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Metro Transit Police Department, Washington, D.C. Campbell County, Kentucky, Police Department, Jefferson County, Colorado, Sheriff's Office, Columbia County, Oregon, Sheriff's Department, Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, New Providence, New Jersey, Police Department, El Paso County, Texas, Sheriffs Department, Dorchester County, Maryland, Sheriffs Office, Anoka County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Wake Forest, North Carolina, Police Department, Georgetown, Massachusetts, Police Department, Sunapee, New Hampshire, Police Department, Virginia Division of Capitol Police, Richmond, Virginia, German Township (Montgomery County), Ohio, Police Department, Cle Elum-Roslyn-South Cle Elum, Washington, Police Department, Powder Springs, Georgia, Police Department, Lower Salford Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Oregon Department of Public Safety Standards and Training, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, Police Department, Fairfield, Connecticut, Police Department, Clearwater County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Baltimore County, Maryland, Sheriffs Office, Bradford, New Hampshire, Police Department, Hickory, North Carolina, Police Department, Somerville, Massachusetts, Police Department, New College of Florida and University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee Campus Police, Central Arizona Project Protective Services Department, Summit County, Colorado, Sheriff's Department, Springfield Township (Montgomery County), Pennsylvania, Police Department, Columbia Heights, Minnesota, Police Department, Macomb County, Michigan, Sheriff's Office, Asheboro, North Carolina, Police Department, Henrico County, Virginia, Sheriff's Office, Apache Junction, Arizona, Police Department, Bowling Green, Kentucky, Police Department, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Clackamas County, Oregon, Sheriff's Office, National City, California, Police Department, Lacey Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Hennepin County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Middletown, Connecticut, Police Department, Cottonwood, Alabama, Department of Public Safety, Edenton, North Carolina, Police Department, Wakefield, Massachusetts, Police Department, Piscataquis County, Maine, Sheriffs Office, Fernandina Beach, Florida, Police Department, Hermitage, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Houston, Texas, Memorial Villages Police Department, Woodbridge, Connecticut, Police Department, Bordentown Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Chowan County, North Carolina, Sheriffs Office, Las Vegas, Nevada, Metropolitan Police Department, Carroll, New Hampshire, Police Department, Boxford, Massachusetts, Police Department, Marshall County, Kentucky, Sheriffs Department, Elmira Heights, New York, Police Department, North Providence, Rhode Island, Police Department, Oakdale Borough, Pennsylvania, Police Department, LaSalle County, Illinois, Sheriff's Department, University of Connecticut Police Department, Minnetrista, Minnesota, Police Department, Manchester-by-the Sea, Massachusetts, Police Department, Durham, North Carolina, Police Department, Providence, Rhode Island, Police Department, Flagler Beach, Florida, Police Department, Upper Southampton Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Moraine Valley Community College Police Department, Gasconade County, Missouri, Sheriff's Department, Town of New Windsor, New York, Police Department, Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, Sheriffs Office, Cornwall Borough, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Public Schools Police Department, Fayette County, Georgia, Marshal's Office, Prince William County, Virginia, Police Department, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Police Department, Ambridge, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Santa Barbara, California, Police Department, Jefferson County, Missouri, Sheriffs Department, Manalapan Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Mount Morris, New York, Police Department, Shrewsbury, New Jersey, Police Department, North Syracuse, New York, Police Department, Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, Police Department, Quogue Village, New York, Police Department, Glencoe, Illinois, Department of Public Safety, Morgan Hill, California, Police Department, James City County, Virginia, Police Department, Southern Pines, North Carolina, Police Department, Stratford, Connecticut, Police Department, Ector County, Texas, Independent School District Police Department, Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Chilmark, Massachusetts, Police Department, St. Johns County, Florida, Sheriffs Office, Patton Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Onondaga County, New York, Sheriffs Office. Because agencies submitted data that represented more than 40% of the nations officers but not more than 60% for January through March 2022, only participation data was released. Get FBI email alerts Last updated: Sept 26, 2022 . Until the FBI boosts participation in NIBRSwhich may not happen until 2025 or latermedia outlets and researchers have the responsibility to help fill in the gaps. While these data collections come with their own problems, digging deeper into FBI data can help reveal misallocations of police resources, such as departments that arrest thousands of people for low-level offenses while only solving a fraction of murder cases. UCR data is released quarterly on the CDE. For this quarter, 6,773 law enforcement agencies submitted use-of-force data to the National Use-of-Force Data Collection, which represents more than 40% of all federal, state, local, tribal, and college/university sworn officers. donate today. Although NIBRS includes an expanded list of offenses, it isnt much better. For more general crime rates for even more cities, counties, and regions across the US, see Crime Rates by City. Experts say the data, released as part of the FBI's Uniform Crime Report on Wednesday, has some glaring holes due to an "overwhelming" lack of participation . All crime data create some concerns regarding comparability. The arrest rate for arson was 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate of violent crime in Nashville is 1,073 per 100,000 residents. The online database contains crime offense statistics from 1985 to 2009 (the most recent reporting year) for city law enforcement agencies with populations of 10,000 and over and for county agencies with populations of 25,000 and over. For 2021, the FBI released national-level data based on a threshold of 60% participation by federal, state, local, tribal, and college/university sworn officers. The problem is that this counts all crimes equally, regardless of severity. The NIBRS provides an avenue for the UCR Program to estimate the amount of arson committed each year, number of drug offenses by drug type, and frequency of victimization. [7] This misrepresentation occurs because rates per capita assume that crime increases at the same pace as the number of people in an area. That's a reduction of over 50% in less than two decades. The 2016 edition of Federal Crime Data accomplished that by mapping federal data to NIBRS offense codes. Similar summaries are included for select incidents in which victim officers were assaulted and injured with firearms or knives/other cutting instruments. A city whose borders include affluent suburbs cant be easily compared with one whose jurisdiction ends just a few blocks outside of an urban core. Officer Survival Spotlight: Accidental Deaths Among Law Enforcement Officers, Leadership Spotlight: Your Leadership Is Your Life Story (Part 1 of 2), Officer Survival Spotlight: Arrest Situations - Understanding the Dangers, Leadership Spotlight: Your Leadership Is Your Life Story (Part 2 of 2), Officer Survival Spotlight: Preventing Assaults - Assessing Offender Perceptions. (Data on San Francisco crime trends will, of course, remain available directly from the city, but not in the . The four criminal behaviors that fall into the category of violent crime include: aggravated assault, robbery, homicide, whether intentional or accidental, and rape. The most reported reasons for initial contact in 2021 were as follows. Estimated crime counts from 1960 to 2009 for national and state-level data are also included in the UCR Data Tool. And, while distinct from the FBIs annual reporting, many cities, including Chicago and Baltimore, publish detailed data on crimes and police activity in real time. Design/methodology/approach - The authors analyze the effect of state- and city-level licensing of massage therapists on crime and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases using data from the FBI Uniform Crime Reports from 1985-2013 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1993-2015. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. Accessibility; eRulemaking . Of these arrestees, 31.9% were 26 to 35 years of age. 7.6% were for medical, mental health, or welfare checks on individuals.

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